Determination of the Fundamental Electronic Charge

ELECTROLOYSIS OF WATER termination OF THE FUNDAMENTAL ELECTRONIC CHARGE PURPOSE The fundamental electronic focus of irrigate pull up stakes be determined. A system of collecting the constitution of H2 and O2 using two inverted glass collections metros and a 1-L beaker filled with water entrust be setup. An electrolyte (H2SO4) will be added to water to make it an galvanising conductor. A small amount of electricity will be apply to the water (roughly 400 mA) to oxidize the oxygen and reduce the hydrogen at the same while. The molecular hydrogen and oxygen sportes produced will be pin down in the separated, inverted tubes so that their rule books can be measured.In comparing the volume of gases produced, applying Daltons Law and the Ideal splatter Equation along with the employment of the stoichiometric proportion between the electron and the gases, the fundamental electronic aid will be determined. THEORY H+ ions will reefer in concert at the cathode (the negative ele ctrode) to produce H Atoms, and the H atoms will join to form molecules of H2 gas. At the positive electrode (the anode), H20 molecules will decompose to replace the H+ ions lost and release O2 gas. The reactions appear below. H+(aq) + 2e- H2(g) Reduction (at the cathode) 2H20(l) 4H+(aq) + O2(g) + 4e-Oxidation (at the anode) The volume of H2 and O2 will be directly proportional to the time and current applied to the system. This will provide the number of electrons consumed on a stoichiometric symmetry as follows 1 H2(g) to 2 e-Reduction (at the cathode)(1) 1 O2(g) to 4 e-Oxidation (at the anode)(2) The moles of electrons can be uttered as a rearrangement of the Ideal Gas Equation Ne = PV/RT(3) Where P = drive in atm, V = volume in L, R = Gas Constant of 0. 08206 atm mol-1 K-1 and T = temperature in KelvinThe actual electronic institutionalise of water will be calculated as follows e- = it/NeNx the stoichiometric ratio (1) or (2) above Where i = current in amps, t = time in sec onds, Ne = moles of electrons passing through the circuit from equation (3) and N = Avogadros number. The actual electronic charge will be compared to the theory-based charge of 1. 60310-19 Coulombs. 1. Convert height of the solution into mm Hg to get at the hydrostatic pull (pressure due to the liquid left in the gas collection tube) height of solution x engrossment of solution density of mercury 2. tmospheric pressure in the room hydrostatic pressure = Ptotal (total pressure exerted by the gas trapped in the gas collection tubes) 3. a)Ptotal (total pressure) = PH2 + PH20or Ptotal = PO2 + PH20 b) PH2 = Ptotal PH20 c)PH2 / 760 = Patm (Pressure) 4. Ne = PV/RT 5. e- = it/NeNx the stoichiometric ratio break loose 1 Run1 Run 2 Run 2 (cathode) + (anode) (cathode) + (anode) Tube 2 Tube 1 Tube 2 Tube 1 H2 O2 H2 O2 Run Time in seconds 987. 13 987. 13 1102. 82 1102. 82 Average Current 0. 303 0. 303 0. 277 A Height of firmness of purpose Hsol mm 400. 325. 0 81. 5 314. 2 Volume of gas produced Vgas (mL) 40. 10 19. 72 40. 10 19. 80 Vgas (L) 0. 04010 0. 01972 0. 04010 0. 01980 Temperature of solution C 24. 0 24. 0 25. 6 25. 6 Kelvin 297. 15 297. 15 298. 75 298. 75 Vapour pressure of water mm Hg 22. 377 22. 377 24. 617 24. 617 Atmospheric pressure Patm mm Hg 770. 50 770. 50 770. 50 770. 50 Patm 0. 94567 0. 95293 0. 97354 0. 95103 hhg hydrostatic pressure (mm Hg) 29. 41 23. 90 5. 99 23. 0 Ptotal (mm Hg) in the tube 741. 09 746. 60 764. 51 747. 40 PH2 (mm Hg) 718. 71 739. 89 PO2 (mm Hg) 724. 23 722. 78 moles gas n (rearranged Ideal Gas Equation) Ne = PV/RT 0. 001555 0. 0007707 0. 001592 0. 0007681 e- = it/NeN 3. 194E-19 6. 445E-19 3. 185E-19 6. 604E-19 stoichiometric ratio Final 1. 597E-19 1. 611E-19 1. 593E-19 1. 651E-19 theoretical 1. 603E-19 1. 603E-19 1. 603E-19 1. 603E-19 Difference -6. 193E-22 8. 166E-22 -1. 028E-21 4. 801E-21 % Error -0. 4% 0. 5% -0. 6% 3. 0%